Tech@nuva

The XML specification defines an XML document as a text which is wellFormed, i.e. it satisfies a list of syntax rules provided in the specification. The list is fairly lengthy; some key points are:

• It contains only properly encoded legal Unicode characters.
• None of the special syntax characters such as “<” and “&” appear except when performing their markup-delineation roles.
• The begin, end, and empty-element tags which delimit the elements are correctly nested, with none missing and none overlapping.
• The element tags are case-sensitive; the beginning and end tags must match exactly.
• There is a single “root” element which contains all the other elements.

The definition of an XML document excludes texts which contain violations of well-formedness rules; they are simply not XML.

An XML processor which encounters such a violation is required to report such errors and to cease normal processing.

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